Children Age 18 months - 18 years
Language Stimulation for Late Talkers
- limited spoken vocabulary for your child's age
- able to understand spoken language
Speech Sounds
- articulation and phonology
- delayed speech due to ear infections
- phonological processes - patterns that young children use to simplify adult speech
- diffculties associated with diagnosis causing week oral musculature
Apraxia of Speech
- difficulty planning tongue and lip movements for speech production.
Myofunctional Therapy
- tongue thrust
- rest posture of the tongue
- open mouth posture
- habit elimination such as thumb sucking
Using Language
- grammar
- vocabulary
- word finding
- producing sentences
- telling stories
Understanding Language
- listening for comprehension
- following directions
- understanding linguistic concepts such as temporal concepts (e.g., before and after), location concepts (e.g., behind, in front)
- understanding categorization - how words are grouped together
- understanding classroom instruction
Pre-literacy and Reading
- phonololgical awareness - knowledge of the sound structure of language (e.g., blending syllables, detecting and producing rhymes and manipulating sounds)
- understanding the relationship between sounds and letters
- translating the printed word into sound
Social Language
- eye contact, sharing, turn taking, interacting with others
- understanding other's emotions and intentions
- understanding perspective taking
- non-verbal communication including facial gestures and body language
- conversational skills and following daily routines
Fluency / Stuttering and Cluttering
- sound or syllable repetitions, audible or silent prolongations
- secondary characteristics: signs of physical tension or struggle including but not limited to eye blinking or facial grimacing
- emotional difficulties associated with stuttering
- cluttering is characterized by rapid and/or an irregular speech rate, disfluencies such as unfinished words, phrase repetitions, poor grammar and frequent pauses that impact prosody
Adults
Lisping
- interdental lisping - when the tongue tip protrudes between the upper and lower teeth
- lateral lisping - when airflow escapes over the sides rather than the midline of the tongue
Fluency / Stuttering
- sound or syllable repetitions, audible (e.g., "ssssssun") or silent prolongations (eg., "____sun") .
- secondary characteristics - signs of physical tension or struggle including but not limited to eye blinking or facial grimacing
- emotional difficulties associated with stuttering
Myofunctional Therapy
- tongue thrust
- rest posture of the tongue
- open mouth posture